Network connectivity predicts language processing in healthy adults

Brain imaging has been used to predict language skills during development and neuropathology but its accuracy in predicting language performance in healthy adults has been poorly investigated. To address this shortcoming, we studied the ability to predict reading accuracy and single‐word comprehension scores from rest‐ and task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets of 424 healthy adults. Using connectome‐based predictive modeling, we identified functional brain networks with >400 edges that predicted language scores and were reproducible in independent data sets. To simplify these complex models we identified the overlapping edges derived from the three task‐fMRI sessions (language, working memory, and motor tasks), and found 12 edges for reading recognition and 11 edges for vocabulary comprehension that accounted for 20% of the variance of these scores, both in the training sample and in the independent sample. The overlapping edges predominantly emanated from language areas within the frontoparietal and default‐mode networks, with a strong precuneus prominence. These findings identify a small subset of edges that accounted for a significant fraction of the variance in language performance that might serve as neuromarkers for neuromodulation interventions to improve language performance or for presurgical planning to minimize language impairments.     

基于“5P-3L”创新管理模式的泌尿外科新药临床试验团队建设及培训经验浅谈

目的：随着国家对新药临床试验核查要求的提高，建立一支专业化的新药临床试验研究团队和形成一套完善的管理模式，成为提高新药临床评价质量的有效途径。本文结合近些年泌尿外科专业组的工作经验逐渐摸索形成了一个"5P-3L"新药临床试验创新管理模式，制定了一套较为完善的培训体系，从人员管理、培训、奖励机制等各个方面加强人才培养和团队建设，最终提高新药临床试验研究水平。     

经皮内镜椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术并发硬脊膜撕裂的综合处理及疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮内镜椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症并发硬脊膜撕裂的处理方法及预后。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年1月采用PETD治疗的236例腰椎间盘突出症的病例资料。结果 236例中，3例发生硬脊膜撕裂，发生率为1.3%(3/236)。2例术中诊断，其中1例术中转为显微镜下修补硬脊膜，1例术中未做处理；1例术后诊断，在显微镜下完成硬脊膜修补。3例随访12个月，末次随访时视觉模拟量表评分从术前8.0分降至1.7分，Oswestry功能障碍指数从82.1%降至17.8%，均无神经功能障碍等后遗症；改良MacNab评分2例为优，1例为良。结论 硬脊膜撕裂是PETD较为少见的并发症，应根据术中和术后情况，采取综合治疗措施，总体预后良好     

Manejo y factores de riesgo de gravedad asociados a lesiones no intencionadas en urgencias de pediatría en España

IntroductionThirty-eight million patients with injuries are treated in Emergency Departments every year, 90% of them being in the form of unintentional injuries (UIs). There are currently no global records of its management in Spain, or the risk factors that may be associated with them. The objective of this study is to describe the management of UIs in Spanish paediatric emergency departments, and to analyse factors related to the presence of serious injuries.Material and methodsA sub-study of a prospective multicentre observational study conducted over 12 months in 11 hospitals of the Spanish Paediatric Emergency Research Group (RiSEUP-SPERG), including children from 0 to 16 years of age consulting for UIs. Epidemiological data, circumstances of the injury, and data on emergency care and discharge destination were recorded on the 13th day of each month.ResultsA total of 10,175 episodes were recorded, of which 1,941 were UIs (19.1%), including 1,673, of which 257 (15.4%) were severe. The most frequent complementary test was simple radiography (60.0%), and the most frequent procedure was limb immobilisation (38.6%). A significant relationship was found between presenting with a severe UI and age > 5 years (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.61-3.16), history of fracture (OR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.22-3.43), or sports activity as a mechanism of injury (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.29-2.38), among others.ConclusionIn Spain, most UIs are not serious. X-rays and immobilisation of extremities are the most frequently performed tests and procedures. Severe UIs were associated with individual factors, such as age > 5 years or history of fracture, and with sports activity as a mechanism associated with severity. It is vital to implement measures to improve the prevention of these injuries and to support the training of caregivers through educational programmes.     

键对键与面对面联动在改善心外科患者不良情绪和睡眠质量的应用评价

目的:探讨分析键对键与面对面联动在改善心外科患者不良情绪和睡眠质量中的应用效果.方法:选取2018年5月至2019年5 月湖南师范大学附属第一医院收治的心脏外科手术患者100例作为研究对象,按照患者病房号分为对照组和观察组,每组50例.对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施键对键与面对面联动的护理模式.结果:出院3个月后,与对照组患者比较,观察组患者情绪、机体不适感、睡眠质量显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:键对键与面对面联动的护理模式可显著改善心外科患者的不良情绪,提高睡眠质量,值得临床推广.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术室管理策略

摘要：目的根据疫情期间耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医护人员面临的交叉感染风险和职业暴露危险，制订手术室管理策略，达到保障手术患者和医务人员安全的目的。方法2020年1月25日—2020年3月8日空军军医大学西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科完成手术29例。手术室从人员、物资、手术、环境、安全防护等方面入手，制定严格的管理策略，规范手术实施，并对医护人员防护效果及患者围手术期状况进行评估。结果通过对患者术前临床观察以及直至术后14 d的跟踪随访，在29例手术中，无疑似、确诊和漏诊病例，无医护人员交叉感染，所有患者手术顺利，无围手术期并发症。结论制定严格有效的手术室管理策略，保证了疫情期间手术的正常及时开展，保护医护人员、手术患者安全有效，防止院内交叉感染的发生。     

The Current Pediatric Surgery Job Market: A Perspective of Recent Fellowship Graduates

PurposeThis study describes the job market from the perspective of recent pediatric surgery graduates.MethodsAn anonymous survey was circulated to the 137 pediatric surgeons who graduated from fellowships 2019–2021.ResultsThe survey response rate was 49%. The majority of respondents were women (52%), Caucasian (72%), and had a median student debt burden of $225,000. Considering job opportunities, respondents strongly emphasized camaraderie (93%), mentorship (93%), case mix (85%), geography (67%), faculty reputation (62%), spousal employment (57%), compensation (51%), and call frequency (45%). 30% were satisfied with the employment opportunities available, and 21% felt strongly prepared to negotiate for their first job. All respondents were able to secure a job. Most jobs were university-based (70%) or hospital employed (18%) positions where surgeons covered median of two hospitals. 49% wanted protected research time, and 12% of respondents were able to secure substantial, protected research time. The median compensation for university-based jobs was $12,583 below the median AAMC benchmark for assistant professors for the corresponding year of graduation.ConclusionThese data highlight the ongoing need for assessment of the pediatric surgery workforce and for professional societies and training programs to further assist graduating fellows in preparing to negotiate their first job.Type of studySurveyLevel of EvidenceLevel V.     

Carboxylesterase catalyzed 18O-labeling of carboxylic acid and its potential application in LC-MS/MS based quantification of drug metabolites

LC-MS quantification of drug metabolites is sometimes impeded by the availability of internal standards that often requires customized synthesis and/or extensive purification. Although isotopically labeled internal standards are considered ideal for LC-MS/MS based quantification, de novo synthesis using costly isotope-enriched starting materials makes it impractical for early stage of drug discovery. Therefore, quick access to these isotope-enriched compounds without chemical derivatization and purification will greatly facilitate LC-MS/MS based quantification. Herein, we report a novel ¹⁸O-labeling technique using metabolizing enzyme carboxylesterase (CES) and its potential application in metabolites quantification study. Substrates of CES typically undergo a two-step oxygen exchange with H₂¹⁸O in the presence of the enzyme, generating singly- and doubly-¹⁸O-labeled carboxylic acids; however, unexpected hydrolytic behavior was observed for three of the test compounds – indomethacin, piperacillin and clopidogrel. These unusual observations led to the discovery of several novel hydrolytic mechanisms. Finally, when used as internal standard for LC-MS/MS based quantification, these in situ labeled compounds generated accurate quantitation comparable to the conventional standard curve method. The preliminary results suggest that this method has potential to eliminate laborious chemical synthesis of isotope-labeled internal standards for carboxylic acid-containing compounds, and can be developed to facilitate quantitative analysis in early-stage drug discovery.     

TG100号报告在调强放疗流程质量控制中的应用研究

目的 依据TG100号报告提出的风险分析方法分析本中心调强放疗流程,改进质量控制方法,保证治疗安全和质量。方法 基于TG100报告,成立风险分析小组。构建调强放疗总流程图以及各分支步骤;开展失效模式与影响分析方法,确定流程中所有潜在的差错模式;基于设定的评分标准评估该差错模式发生概率、被检查出的概率以及差错模式发生对临床产生影响的严重程度;计算每个差错模式优先值,并按优先值分值从高到低排序,取前20%范围为高危差错模式;对高危差错模式进行差错树分析,改进质量控制方法。结果 调强放疗共有11个主步骤,41个支步骤,共发现180个差错模式。计算优先值范围为30~178,共36个高危差错模式。排在前5的高危差错模式优先值分别为摆位差错(178)、电子射野影像装置配准差错(172)、勾画错误(166)、计划执行差错(160)、既往剂量总结差错(156)。结论 TG100号报告可操作性和实用性强,能够有效地系统化改进本中心调强放疗流程,为治疗提供安全和质量保证。     

心内科临床教学中WPBL教学模式的应用研究

目的研究对心内科实习护士实施WPBL教学模式的效果。方法选取医院心内科实习护士45例展开研究,时间跨度为2018年5月—2018年9月,按模式差异分为对照(常规教学)和观察组(WPBL模式),对比分析两组实习护士学习效果、对心内科理论知识和护理技能掌握程度。结果观察组带教后心内科疾病认知和兴趣(8.11±1.01)分,自主学习能力(7.36±1.11)分,学习效率(7.24±1.21)分,独立思考能力(7.75±1.36)分,护患沟通能力(8.11±1.11)分,临床基础能力(8.44±1.03)分,自身批判性行为(7.25±1.44)分学习效果各项评分明显较对照组高,P<0.05。观察组理论知识掌握度95.5%,护理技能掌握度95.5%,对照组分别为73.9%和69.6%,P<0.05。结论对心内科实习护士实施WPBL教学效果显著,值得推广。